{"id":4631,"date":"2019-12-30T22:00:13","date_gmt":"2019-12-30T14:00:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dingxuan.info\/wp\/?p=4631"},"modified":"2020-01-01T08:57:00","modified_gmt":"2020-01-01T00:57:00","slug":"%e6%8a%b9%e9%bb%91%e3%80%81%e6%8e%a9%e7%9b%96%e3%80%81%e5%88%a0%e6%94%b9%e5%85%ab%e5%9b%bd%e8%81%94%e5%86%9b%e3%80%81%e5%ba%9a%e5%ad%90%e4%ba%8b%e4%bb%b6%e4%b8%8d%e4%b8%ba%e4%ba%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ybzx.vip\/wp\/?p=4631","title":{"rendered":"\u62b9\u9ed1\u3001\u63a9\u76d6\u3001\u5220\u6539\u2026\u2026\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u3001\u5e9a\u5b50\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0d\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e8b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u9009\u7f16\u81ea<\/span>\u5218\u6dc7\u6606\u5148\u751f\u4f5c\u54c1\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>\u56fe\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/div>\n
\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a\u5892\u9053\uff08shangdao2019\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u5168\u6587\u7b80\u5355\u6458\u8981<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

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\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\u6218\u58eb<\/span><\/div>\n
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\n<\/span><\/div>\n
01\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\u662f\u600e\u6837\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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1896\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e1c\u90e8\u67d0\u7701\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u4e49\u548cquan\u201d\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6539\u540d\u53eb\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\u9042\u5949\u65e8\u9020\u53cd\uff0c\u201c\u6276\u6e05\u706d\u6d0b\u201d\u3002\u201c\u706d\u6d0b\u201d\u8005\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6cbe\u4e2a\u2018\u6d0b\u2019\u5b57\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6bc1\u706d\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5185\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u66fe\u67096\u4e2a\u8bfb\u4e66\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed3\u7687\u907f\u4e71\uff0c\u9014\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u56e0\u968f\u8eab\u643a\u5e26\u4e86\u94c5\u7b141\u652f\uff0c\u6d0b\u7eb81\u5f20<\/span>\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f<\/span>\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d<\/span>\u4e71\u5200\u5e76\u4e0b\uff0c6\u4eba\u7686\u6b7b\u975e\u547d\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u5de6\u539f\u7b03\u4ecb\u3001\u6ca4\u9690 \u8f91:\u300a\u62f3\u4e8b\u6742\u8bb0\u300b\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n
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1900\u5e746\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u76f4\u96b6\u9738\u5dde\u53bf\u201c\u5723\u82e5\u745f\u4f1a\u201d\u7684<\/span>\u5916\u56fd\u4fee\u5973\u9886\u7740\u6559\u4f1a\u6536\u517b\u768422\u540d\u5b64\u5973<\/span>\uff0c\u4e3a\u9003\u907f\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\u7684\u6740\u622e\u3001\u51cc\u8fb1\uff0c\u9003\u4ea1\u5230\u56fa\u5b89\u53bf\u5730\u754c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e78\u843d\u5165\u56e2\u532a\u4e4b\u624b\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
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\n<\/span><\/div>\n
02 \u6562\u4e8e\u72af\u4e0a\u7684\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n<\/span><\/div>\n
\u897f\u592a\u540e<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
03 \u80cc\u540e\u5077\u88ad\u6e05\u519b\u7edf\u5e05\u8042\u58eb\u6210<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n<\/span><\/div>\n
04 \u6bcf\u5929\u62a2\u52ab3\u4e2a\u6751\u5e84<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u6253\u7740\u201c\u6276\u6e05\u706d\u6d0b\u201d\u65d7\u53f7\u7684<\/span>\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d<\/span>\u9996\u9886\u6731\u7ea2deng\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6253\u5bb6\u52ab\u820d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7eaa\u5f55\u4fdd\u6301\u8005\uff1b1899\u5e741\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u5929\u62a2\u52ab3\u4e2a\u6751\u5e84\u3002<\/span>\uff08<\/span>\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a \u738b\u6811\u589e:\u300a1901\u300b\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u62a2\u52ab\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\u58eb\u5175\u8ba4\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u719f\u4eba\u9ad8\u558a\uff1a\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba\u6211\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u4e8c\u6bdb\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u522b\u6740\u4ed6\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u6301\u5200\u6740\u7684\u4eba\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff1a\u4ed6\u6b7b\u540e\u5728\u9634\u95f4\u5165\u6559\u5427\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u5bc3\u4e86\uff1b\u624b\u8d77\u5200\u843d\uff0c\u5c06\u90a3\u4eba\u6740\u5bb3\u3002\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u4fa8\u6790\u751f\uff0c\u300a\u62f3\u532a\u7eaa\u7565\u300b\u53775\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
05 \u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u7ed9\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\u5b9a\u6027<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span>\u65f6\u4efb\u5c71\u4e1c\u5de1\u629a\u7684\u8881\u4e16\u51ef\uff0c\u5728\u7ed9\u671d\u5ef7\u7684\u594f\u6298\u4e2d\u5bf9\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u9488\u89c1\u8840\u7684\u6982\u62ec\uff1a\u201c\u8be5\u532a\u7b49\u867d\u6258\u540d\u4ec7\u6559\uff0c\u800c\u89c2\u5176\u4e3e\u52a8\uff0c\u5b9e\u53ea\u5728\u4e8e\u7ea0\u4f17\u52ab\u8d22\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/span>\uff08<\/span>\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u6c88\u7956\u5baa\uff0c\u300a\u517b\u5bff\u56ed\u594f\u8bae\u8f91\u8981\u300b\u53772\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4faf\u5b9c\u6770\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/span><\/div>\n
\u201c\u5927\u91cf\u53f2\u6599\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u56e2\u6c11\u6253\u6d0b\u6559\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u6559\u5802\u548c\u2018\u4e8c\u6bdb\u5b50\u2019\u6559\u6c11\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u672a\u5165\u6559\u7684\u5e73\u6c11\u548c\u2018\u4e09\u6bdb\u5b50\u2019\u56de\u6c11\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5b98\u7f72\u3001\u5b98\u5458\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u662f\u62a2\u63a0\u3001\u52d2\u7d22\u3001\u6572\u8bc8\u94b1\u8d22\uff0c\u94f6\u94b1\u3001\u8863\u7269\u3001\u8f66\u8f86\u3001\u7272\u755c\u3001\u7cae\u98df\u7b49\u7b49\u56fa\u7136\u5728\u6240\u5fc5\u5f97\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u7281\u3001\u78e8\u3001\u9504\u548c\u9505\u7897\u74e2\u76c6\u7b49\u7c97\u8d31\u4e4b\u7269\u4e5f\u5728\u62a2\u63a0\u4e4b\u5217\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u7ed1\u67b6\u4eba\u8d28\u66f4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u52d2\u7d22\u8d4e\u91d1\uff0c\u4e0d\u9042\u6240\u613f\uff0c\u5219\u2018\u6495\u7968\u2019\u7ee7\u4e4b\u3002\u711a\u70e7\u6740\u4eba\u540c\u6837\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u2018\u51e1\u7a0d\u6bb7\u5b9e\u8005\u7686\u76ee\u4ee5\u6559\u6c11\uff0c\u6740\u5176\u4eba\u800c\u5206\u5176\u8d22\u2019\uff0c\u2018\u4ee5\u711a\u6740\u4e3a\u655b\u8d22\u4e4b\u5177\u2019\u3002\u201d\uff08<\/span>\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u4faf\u5b9c\u6770\uff0c\u300a\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\u2014\u2014\u5728\u201c\u706d\u6d0b\u201d\u7684\u65d7\u5e1c\u4e0b\u300b\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u4e0d\u60f3\u591a\u5199\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u7ed9\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\u5b9a\u6027\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u5fc3\u91cc\u6709\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
06 \u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u56de\u5e94<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u4ece1899\u5e74\u79cb\u52301900\u5e74\u590f\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u591a\u6b21\u901a\u544a\u3001\u7167\u4f1a\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u4fe1\u5b88\u5b83\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6761\u7ea6\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u4f20\u6559\u4fdd\u62a4\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u5e73\u606f\u66b4\u4e71\uff0c\u5236\u6b62\u4ec7\u6740\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4eba\u58eb\u548c\u6bc1\u706d\u6559\u5802\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5355\u72ec\u7167\u4f1a\u6e05\u5ef7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u516c\u4f7f\u5eb7\u683c\uff08Edwin H. Conger\uff09\u57281899\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c4\u5929\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff08\u537311\u300116\u300125\u300126\u65e5\uff09\u7ed9\u6e05\u5ef7\u603b\u7406\u5404\u56fd\u4e8b\u52a1\u8859\u95e8\uff08\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\uff09\u53d1\u51fa7\u6b21\u901a\u544a\uff0c\u62a5\u544a\u5728\u5c71\u4e1c\u3001\u5929\u6d25\u5404\u5730\u9488\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6740\u622e\u3001\u62a2\u52ab\u548c\u66b4\u4e71\uff0c\u6566\u4fc3\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u91c7\u53d6\u4fdd\u62a4\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u520a\u5370\u7684\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u6587\u4ef6\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u5230\u4e861900\uff08\u5e9a\u5b50\uff09\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\u7684\u6050\u6016\u6740\u622e\u6108\u6f14\u6108\u70c8\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u8054\u5408\u91c7\u53d6\u6566\u4fc3\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5230\u516d\u6708\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba1\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u5148\u540e\u8054\u5408\u5411\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u51fa\u8fc74\u6b21\u6b63\u5f0f\u7167\u4f1a\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5728\u4e00\u6708\u3001\u4e09\u6708\u3001\u56db\u6708\u548c\u4e94\u6708\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u52aa\u529b\u5747\u5f52\u4e8e\u5931\u8d25\u3002\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u5317\u660e\uff0c\u300a\u51fa\u5175\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u88ab\u8feb\u81ea\u536b\u300b\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
07 \u5c1a\u672a\u4ea4\u6218\uff0c\u5148\u65a9\u6765\u4f7f<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
1900\u5e746\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u6e05\u5ef7\u53d1\u5e03\u300a\u5ba3\u6218\u8bcf\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u541111\u56fd\u5ba3\u6218\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u6e05\u519b\u731b\u70c8\u653b\u6253\u5404\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u9986\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u653b\u6253\u5929\u6d25\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\uff0c\u5984\u56fe\u6740\u5c3d\u5404\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u4ee5\u53ca\u8eb2\u5728\u4f7f\u9886\u9986\u91cc\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u3001\u4fa8\u6c11\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u4e24\u56fd\u4ea4\u5175\uff0c\u4e0d\u65a9\u6765\u4f7f\u3002\u4f55\u51b5\u53cc\u65b9\u8fd8\u672a\u5f00\u6218\uff0c\u5c31\u5148\u653b\u6253\u5916\u4ea4\u4f7f\u9986\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u53e4\u4eca\u4e2d\u5916\u7684\u5927\u5fcc\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u5728\u5e9a\u5b50\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u9996\u8981\u6218\u7565\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u662f\u653b\u9677\u4eac\u57ce\u7684\u5404\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u9986\uff0c\u6740\u5c3d\u5404\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u548c\u7737\u5c5e\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u5e94\u8be5\u4fdd\u62a4\u5916\u56fd\u4fa8\u6c11\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5e38\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u516c\u7136\u60ac\u8d4f\u6355\u6740\u6d0b\u4eba\uff1a\u201c\u6740\u4e00\u7537\u5937\u8005\uff0c\u8d4f\u94f650\u4e24\uff0c\u6740\u4e00\u5973\u5937\u8005\uff0c\u8d4f\u94f640\u4e24\uff0c\u6740\u4e00\u7a1a\u5b50\u8005\uff0c\u8d4f\u94f620\u4e24\u201d\u3002\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u300a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u300b\u201c\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\u6761\u76ee\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
\u5f39\u75d5\u7d2f\u7d2f\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u5e9f\u589f<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
08 \u627e\u4e0d\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u4e86<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u52a8\u5ba3\u6218\u3001\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\u51f6\u6b8b\u6740\u5bb3\u5916\u56fd\u4fa8\u6c11\uff0c\u548c\u5e73\u5916\u4ea4\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\u2026\u2026\u897f\u65b9\u5404\u56fd\u9664\u4e86\u51fa\u5175\u6551\u63f4\u3001\u6b66\u529b\u6297\u66b4\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u627e\u4e0d\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u5e9a\u5b50\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4f7f\u9986\u5747\u88ab\u6467\u6bc1\uff0c\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u65ad\u57a3\u6b8b\u58c1\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u5404\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u3001\u5bb6\u5c5e\u53ca\u4f7f\u9986\u5e87\u62a4\u7684\u4e2d\u5916\u4eba\u58eb\u8eb2\u5230\u7855\u679c\u4ec5\u5b58\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u9986\u907f\u96be\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u6e05\u519b\u548c\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\uff0c\u5305\u56f4\u82f1\u56fd\u4f7f\u9986\uff0c\u70ae\u8f70\u3001\u706b\u653b\u3001\u6c34\u704c\u3001\u6316\u5730\u9053\u7206\u7834\u2026\u2026\u731b\u70c8\u653b\u51fb\u82f1\u56fd\u4f7f\u9986\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u4f7f\u9986\u5185\u5916\u56fd\u4eba74\u4eba\u9047\u96be\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u67096\u540d\u513f\u7ae5\uff0c150\u4eba\u8d1f\u4f24\uff08\u4f7f\u9986\u5e87\u62a4\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u4f24\u4ea1\u7f3a\u4e4f\u51c6\u786e\u7edf\u8ba1\uff09\u3002\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1aPeter Fleming:\u300aThe Siege at Peking\u300b\uff08\u56f4\u57ce\u5317\u4eac\uff09\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u5728\u5bf9\u4f7f\u9986\u7684\u91ce\u86ee\u8fdb\u653b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6e05\u519b\u4e89\u62a2\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u5c38\u4f53\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u51ed\u6d0b\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u5934\u53ef\u4ee5\u9886\u8d4f\u3002\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u666e\u7279\u5357\u00b7\u5a01\u5c14\uff0c\u300a\u5e9a\u5b50\u4f7f\u9986\u88ab\u56f4\u8bb0\u300b\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u89e3\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7528\u6218\u4e89\u624b\u6bb5\u3001\u6b63\u89c4\u519b\u503e\u5168\u529b\u653b\u6253\u4eac\u57ce\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4f7f\u9986\uff0c\u672c\u5e94\u6613\u5982\u53cd\u638c\uff0c\u5f97\u624b\u4e0d\u8fc7\u201c\u4e00\u5f39\u6307\u95f4\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u7adf\u7136\u4e45\u653b\u4e0d\u514b\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4ee5\u5931\u8d25\u544a\u7ec8\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u5982\u6b64\u6218\u7ee9\uff08\u6216\u66f0\u8d25\u7ee9\uff09\uff0c\u53e4\u5f80\u4eca\u6765\u65e0\u5148\u4f8b\u53ef\u5faa\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u5931\u8d25\u5982\u6b64\u4ee4\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u53ef\u7b11\u8352\u5510\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u4e89\u8bba\u4e0d\u4f11\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
09 \u70e7\u6bc1\u7ff0\u6797\u9662\u300a\u6c38\u4e50\u5927\u5178\u300b<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u9986\u5317\u90bb\u7ff0\u6797\u9662\u3002\u7ff0\u6797\u9662\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u81f3\u5c0a\u81f3\u8d35\u7684\u8859\u95e8\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u73cd\u85cf\u5377\u5e19\u6d69\u7e41\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u53e4\u7c4d\u5584\u672c\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff0c<\/span>\u5176\u6536\u85cf\u5305\u62ec\u4ef7\u503c\u65e0\u53ef\u4f30\u91cf\u7684\u300a\u6c38\u4e50\u5927\u5178\u300b\u548c\u300a\u56db\u5e93\u5168\u4e66\u300b\u7684\u5e95\u672c\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
\u6e05\u519b\u4e3a\u4e86\u706b\u653b\u516c\u4f7f\u9986\uff0c\u5728\u711a\u6bc1\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5927\u7247\u6c11\u5c45\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ead\u9662\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ead\u9662\u5730\u5c06\u7ff0\u6797\u9662\u7eb5\u706b\u70e7\u6bc1\uff0c\u6570\u5343\u4e07\u5377\u53e4\u7c4d\u5584\u672c\u4ed8\u4e4b\u4e00\u70ac\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u897f\u91cc\u5c14\u00b7\u73c0\u5c14\uff0c\u300a\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u83ab\u7406\u5faa\u300b\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
\u7ff0\u6797\u9662\u88ab\u6e05\u519b\u711a\u6bc1\u540e\u552f\u4e00\u5e78\u5b58\u7684\u5efa\u7b51<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
10 \u6b7b\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u653e\u8fc7<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u5bf9\u4ee5\u524d\u5ba2\u6b7b\u4e2d\u571f\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u653e\u8fc7\u3002\u5228\u575f\u6398\u5893\uff0c\u5249\u9aa8\u626c\u7070\u3002\u5229\u739b\u7aa6\u3001\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u3001\u5357\u6000\u4ec1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u6770\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u5148\u8d24\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0a\u767e\u540d\u540c\u4ec1\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u5893\u5730\uff0c\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u51cc\u8fb1\u3001\u6c61\u6e0e\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6559\u5802\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u3001\u711a\u6bc1\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u4ee5\u4f7f\u9986\u3001\u6559\u5802\u4e3a\u6b66\u529b\u653b\u51fb\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4ee5\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u3001\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4e3a\u75af\u72c2\u5c60\u622e\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u4e2d\u90fd\u6ca1\u5e72\u8fc7\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
\u897f\u65b9\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u575f\u88ab\u5228\u8d77<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
11 \u671d\u5ef7\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u4e2d\u7acb<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u6e05\u5ef7\u5bf911\u56fd\u5ba3\u6218\uff0c<\/span>\u5916\u7701\u7763\u629a\u4e2d\u7684\u5934\u8111\u6e05\u9192\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u5218\u5764\u4e00\u3001\u5f20\u4e4b\u6d1e\u3001\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u3001\u8881\u4e16\u51ef\u7b49\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4ea1\u56fd\u4e4b\u7978\u5c31\u5728\u773c\u524d\uff0c\u9042\u53d1\u8d77\u201c\u4e1c\u5357\u4e92\u4fdd\u201d\uff0c\u516c\u5f00\u58f0\u660e\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u4e2d\u7acb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u6e05\u5ef7\u5bf9\u5916\u5ba3\u6218\u4ec5\u4ec55\u5929\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u5927\u540f\u7b56\u5212\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u5916\u4e92\u4fdd\u7ae0\u7a0b\u300b\u5373\u4e8e1900\u5e746\u670826\u65e5\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u7b7e\u8ba2\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u671d\u5ef7\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u4e2d\u7acb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u5404\u654c\u56fd\u7b7e\u7ea6\u4e92\u76f8\u4fdd\u62a4\uff08\u6e05\u671d\u5185\u573018\u7701\uff0c12\u7701\u4e0e\u654c\u56fd\u4e92\u4fdd\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u8352\u5510\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u53e4\u5f80\u4eca\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u5148\u4f8b\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e9a\u5b50\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6700\u8ba9\u56fd\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u8981\u9648\u8ff0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u201c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5217\u5f3a\u8239\u575a\u70ae\u5229\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u5200\u957f\u77db\u654c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6d0b\u67aa\u5927\u70ae\u201d\u2026\u2026\u4e3a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217<\/span>\u6218\u4e89<\/span>\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u627e\u501f\u53e3\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5e9a\u5b50\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8bba\u5175\u529b\u3001\u6b66\u5668\u88c5\u5907\u3001\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u673a\u3001\u6218\u573a\u2026\u2026\u54ea\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u662f<\/span>\u654c\u5f31\u6211\u5f3a\uff0c\u6e05\u519b\u548c\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d<\/span>\u5360\u5c3d\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u5c45\u7136\u795e\u5947\u5730\u3001\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u89e3\u5730\u8f93\u6389\u4e86\u6218\u4e89\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
12 \u5175\u529b\u60ac\u6b8a\uff1a<\/span>\u654c\u5be1\u6211\u4f17<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
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\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5e9a\u5b50\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff1a\u5175\u529b\u3001\u6b66\u5668\u3001\u6218\u673a\u3001\u6218\u573a\u2026\u2026\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u65b9\u9762<\/span>\u6e05\u519b\u548c\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\u90fd\u5360\u5c3d\u4e86\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u5e9a\u5b50\u6218\u4e89\u53cc\u65b9\u5175\u529b\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff1a<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u201c\u4f7f\u9986\u533a\u5185\u88ab\u56f4\u8005<\/span>\u7ea63000\u4eba<\/span>\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d2000\u4eba\u4e3a\u5bfb\u6c42\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e4b\u534e\u4eba\u2026\u2026<\/span>409\u540d\u5916\u56fd\u6c34\u5175\u53ca\u9646\u6218\u961f\u5458<\/span>\u201d\u3002\u8fd9409\u540d\u519b\u4eba\u662f1900\u5e74\uff08\u5e9a\u5b50\u5e74\uff095\u6708\u5e95\uff0c\u5f53\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\u7684\u201c\u706d\u6d0b\u201d\u5df2\u6210\u71ce\u539f\u4e4b\u52bf\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u7ecf\u6e05\u5ef7\u5141\u8bb8\uff0c\u4ece\u505c\u6cca\u5728\u5927\u6cbd\u53e3\u5916\u7684\u8230\u8239\u4e0a\u62bd\u8c03\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5230\u4eac\u57ce\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f7f\u9986\u7684\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u300a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u300b\u201c\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u201d\u6761\u76ee\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
\u8881\u4e16\u51ef\u7684\u65b0\u519b<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
13 \u6b66\u5668\u88c5\u5907\uff1a<\/span>\u654c\u5f31\u6211\u5f3a<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u62f1\u536b\u4eac\u757f\u7684\u6e05\u519b\u4e3b\u529b<\/span>\u201c\u6b66\u536b\u4e94\u519b\u201d<\/span><\/div>\n
\u25a0 \u8463\u798f\u7965\u7684\u7518\u519b<\/span><\/div>\n
\u25a0\u00a0\u8042\u58eb\u6210\u7684\u6b66\u6bc5\u519b<\/span><\/div>\n
\u25a0\u00a0\u8881\u4e16\u51ef\u7684\u65b0\u519b<\/span><\/div>\n
\u25a0\u00a0\u5b8b\u5e86\u7684\u8c6b\u519b<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u6267\u884c\u7d27\u6025\u7684\u4eba\u9053\u6551\u63f4\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c<\/span>\u4ed3\u4fc3\u6210\u519b\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u88c5\u5907\u8fd8\u662f\u5175\u5458\u90fd\u975e\u7cbe\u826f\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u82f1\u519b\u4e2d\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\uff0c\u6cd5\u519b\u4e2d\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8d8a\u5357\u4eba\u3002\u8054\u519b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7528\u4e8e\u4fa6\u5bdf\u548c\u8ffd\u9010\u654c\u519b\u7684\u9a91\u5175\u3002\uff09<\/span>\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1aPeter Fleming:\u300aThe Siege at Peking\u300b\uff08\u56f4\u57ce\u5317\u4eac\uff09\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u4ee5\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u88ab\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\u5077\u88ad\u727a\u7272\u7684\u8042\u58eb\u6210\u7edf\u9886\u7684\u6b66\u6bc5\u519b\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u4e2d\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u6b66\u6bc5\u519b\u5175\u545815,000\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u6b65\u5175\u7684\u88c5\u5907\uff1a<\/span><\/div>\n
\u25a0\u00a0<\/span>\u8bad\u7ec3\u7528\u67aa\uff1a\u5fb7\u523611\u6beb\u7c73\u53e3\u5f84\u65e7\u6bdb\u745f\u6b65\u67aa\u4e00\u4e07\u652f<\/span><\/div>\n
\u25a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5b9e\u6218\u7528\u67aa\uff1a\u5965\u52368.5\u6beb\u7c73Mannalicher \u6b65\u67aa\u4e00\u4e07\u652f<\/span><\/div>\n
\u25a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5fb7\u56fd\u6700\u65b0\u95107.92\u6beb\u7c73Gew.98\u6b65\u67aa\u6570\u767e\u652f<\/span><\/div>\n
\u25a0\u00a0<\/span>\u6bcf\u8425\u5747\u914d\u5907\u514b\u9c81\u4f2f37\u6beb\u7c73\u53e3\u5f84\u901f\u5c04\u70ae<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u9a91\u5175\u7684\u88c5\u5907\uff1a<\/span><\/div>\n
\u25a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5fb7\u52367.92\u6beb\u7c73Gew.98\u6b65\u67aa<\/span><\/div>\n
\u25a0\u00a0<\/span>1400\u652f\u5965\u52368\u6beb\u7c73\u53e3\u5f84\u8fde\u53d1\u9a91\u67aa<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u70ae\u5175\u7684\u88c5\u5907\uff1a<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u25a0\u00a0<\/span>\u514b\u9c81\u4f2f60\u6beb\u7c73\u53e3\u5f84\u901f\u5c04\u70ae32\u95e8<\/span><\/div>\n
\u25a0\u00a0<\/span>\u683c\u9c81\u68ee57\u6beb\u7c73\u901f\u5c04\u70ae32\u95e8<\/span><\/div>\n
\u6bcf\u4e2a\u70ae\u8425\uff0c\u53e6\u914d\u5907\u5f53\u65f6\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u65b0\u9510\u7684\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u59c6\u91cd\u673a\u67aa2\u633a\u3002\u519b\u5b98\u88c5\u59076\u53d1\u8f6c\u8f6e\u5de6\u8f6e\u624b\u67aa\uff0c\u519b\u5b98\u4e0e\u9a91\u5175\u6302\u5200\u3002\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u300a\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1\u300b\u201c\u6b66\u536b\u519b\u201d\u6761\u76ee\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u7f34\u83b7\u7684\u6e05\u519b\u706b\u70ae<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u7f34\u83b7\u7684\u6e05\u519b\u70ae\u5f39<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
14 \u7f34\u83b7\u6e05\u519b\u6b66\u5668\u6e05\u5355<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u518d\u770b\u770b\u610f\u5927\u5229\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u4ece\u5929\u6d25\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u5ea7\u6e05\u519b\u6b66\u5668\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f34\u83b7\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u6e05\u5355\uff1a<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
\n
\u25a0\u00a036\u95e8\u514b\u864f\u4f2f\u5927\u70ae\uff0c\u53e3\u5f8487\u6beb\u7c73\uff081897\u5e74\u57c3\u68ee\u5236\u9020\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4ecd\u88c5\u5728\u7bb1\u4e2d<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u25a0\u00a060\u95e8\u514b\u864f\u4f2f\u5927\u70ae\uff0c\u53e3\u5f8470\u6beb\u7c73\uff081897\u5e74\u57c3\u68ee\u5236\u9020\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u25a0\u00a042\u95e8\u8bfa\u5c14\u767b\u8d39\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u901f\u5c04\u673a\u5173\u70ae\uff0c\u53e3\u5f8457\u6beb\u7c73<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u25a0\u00a042\u95e8\u8bfa\u5c14\u767b\u8d39\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u673a\u5173\u70ae\uff0c\u53e3\u5f8447\u6beb\u7c73<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u25a0\u00a042\u95e8\u5927\u70ae\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u8bfa\u5c14\u767b\u8d39\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u4e0a\u6d77\u673a\u5668\u5c40\u5236\u9020\uff0c\u53e3\u5f8437\u6beb\u7c73<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u25a0\u00a010\u95e8\u901f\u5c04\u673a\u5173\u70ae\uff0c\u53e3\u5f8437\u6beb\u7c73\u3000\u3000<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u25a0\u00a020\u95e8\u5c0f\u53e3\u5f84\u7684\u901f\u5c04\u673a\u5173\u70ae<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u25a0\u00a03\u4e07\u652f\u8d34\u6709\u6700\u65b0\u51fa\u5382\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u66fc\u91cc\u5f7b\u5f0f\u6bdb\u745f\u67aa\u548c\u6765\u590d\u67aa<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u25a0\u00a03\u4e07\u628a\u523a\u5200\u3001\u519b\u7528\u54c1\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\uff08\u65f6\u503c250\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\uff09\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u7aa6\u7eb3\u4e50\uff08Macdonald\uff09\u7ed9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u5bf9\u6e05\u519b\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u5148\u8fdb\u3001\u7cbe\u826f\u8273\u7fa1\u4e0d\u5df2\uff0c\u81ea\u53f9\u5f17\u5982\u7684\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6d77\u519b\u4e2d\u5c06\u897f\u8499\uff0c\u4e8b\u540e\u5199\u4fe1\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span>\u201c\u6700\u65b0\u5f0f\u7684\u66fc\u91cc\u5f7b\u5f0f\u5361\u5bbe\u67aa\u7684\u578b\u53f7\uff0c\u6bd4\u8054\u519b\u4e2d\u7684\u5965\u5308\u90e8\u961f\u5217\u88c5\u7684\u5361\u5bbe\u67aa\u66f4\u4e3a\u5148\u8fdb\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e3a\u521a\u51fa\u5382\u7684\u65b0\u54c1\uff1b\u800c\u514b\u864f\u4f2f\u5927\u70ae\u6bd4\u5fb7\u519b\u73b0\u5f79\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5927\u70ae\u53e3\u5f84\u66f4\u5927\u3001\u7784\u51c6\u66f4\u7cbe\u3001\u5c04\u7a0b\u66f4\u8fdc\u3001\u66f4\u4e3a\u65b0\u5f0f\u201d\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u7aa6\u7eb3\u4e50\uff08Macdonald\uff09\u7ed9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n
\u897f\u8499\u8c03\u4f83\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span>\u201c\u6218\u6597\u4f0a\u59cb\u5c31\u610f\u5916\u7f34\u83b7\u6e05\u519b\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u5148\u8fdb\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u7b49\u4e8e\u7ed9\u8054\u519b16,000\u540d\u519b\u4eba\u914d\u5907\u5168\u526f\u6b66\u88c5\u8fd8\u6709\u5bcc\u4f59\uff0c\u53ea\u53ef\u60dc\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u4e00\u4eba\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u53ea\u624b\u3002\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u7aa6\u7eb3\u4e50\uff08Macdonald\uff09\u7ed9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n
\u636e\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u81ea1895\u5e74\u81f3\u5e9a\u5b50\u6218\u524d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u5171\u8d2d\u4e70\u67aa\u652f422.84\u4e07\u6746\uff0c\u6218\u9635\u5927\u70ae71\u5c0a\uff0c\u91ce\u6218\u5927\u70ae123\u5c0a\uff0c\u9730\u5f39\u70ae297\u5c0a\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ece\u5fb7\u56fd\u8d2d\u4e70\u6bdb\u745f\u67aa46\u4e07\u6746\uff0c\u5bfb\u5e38\u67aa300\u4e07\u6746\u3002\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u4f5b\u752b\u7231\u52a0\u6765\u3001\u65bd\u7c73\u4fac:\u300a\u5e9a\u5b50\u4e2d\u5916\u6218\u8bb0\u300b\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u66f4\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8bf4\uff0c19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u6e05\u519b\u5df2\u80fd\u81ea\u5236\u67aa\u652f\u5927\u70ae\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u5728\u5317\u4eac\uff0c400\u4eba\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4f7f\u9986\u536b\u961f\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u88c5\u5907\uff0c\u4e0e\u6e05\u519b\u76f8\u6bd4\u66f4\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u540c\u65e5\u800c\u8bed\uff1b\u524d\u8005\u53ea\u201c\u914d\u59073\u652f\u673a\u5173\u67aa\u53ca4\u95e8\u5c0f\u706b\u70ae\u201d \uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b66\u5668\u532e\u4e4f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u95e8\u5c0f\u706b\u70ae\u662f\u4ece\u4f7f\u9986\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u65e7\u8d27\u5e97\u4e70\u6765\u7684\u53e4\u8463\uff0c\u7ecf\u4fee\u7406\u540e\u51d1\u5408\u7740\u7528\uff09\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u300a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u300b\u201c\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u201d\u6761\u76ee\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n
\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u867d\u4e0d\u53ca\u6b63\u89c4\u519b\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u6e05\u5ef7\u671b\u5176\u201c\u706d\u6d0b\u201d\uff0c\u519b\u9700\u67aa\u68b0\u5df2\u6709\u653f\u5e9c\u4f9b\u5e94\uff1a\u201c\u6216\u8d44\u62f3\u4ee5\u7cae\uff0c\u6216\u8d60\u62f3\u4ee5\u68b0\u201d\u3002\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d:\u300a\u7f6a\u5df1\u8bcf\u300b1901\u5e742\u670814\u65e5\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u660f\u8069\u7684\u76f4\u96b6\u603b\u7763\u88d5\u7984\u628a\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\u89c6\u4e3a\u56fd\u4e4b\u5e72\u57ce\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5230\u519b\u68b0\u6240\u53bb\u81ea\u53d6\u6b66\u5668\u3002\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u4fa8\u6790\u751f:\u300a\u62f3\u532a\u7eaa\u7565\u300b\u53771\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u6e05\u5ef7\u751a\u81f3\u53d1\u5e03\u8c15\u65e8\uff0c\u201c\u547d\u5404\u7763\u629a\u5c06\u519b\u4fee\u7406\u67aa\u70ae\u6dfb\u9020\u5b50\u836f\uff0c\u5206\u7ed9\u56e2\u6c11\u201d\u3002\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u5218\u4ee5\u6850:\u300a\u6c11\u6559\u76f8\u4ec7\u90fd\u95e8\u95fb\u89c1\u5f55\u300b\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u6e05\u519b\u5175\u529b\u662f\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u7684\u6570\u500d\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u4e1c\u5e73\u897f\u51d1<\/span>\u4e34\u65f6\u6210\u519b\uff0c\u957f\u9014\u5954\u88ad\uff0c\u5728\u6b66\u5668\u88c5\u5907\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0b\u98ce\u7684\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u8f93\u6389\u4e86\u5e9a\u5b50\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u5f88\u591a\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0d\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u6e05\u5ef7\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\uff01<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
\u6c11\u4f17\u7b11\u5bf9\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\uff08\u65e5\u672c\u968f\u519b\u8bb0\u8005\u62cd\u6444\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
15 \u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u6ee5\u6740\u65e0\u8f9c<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
1900\u5e748\u670813\u65e5\uff0c\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u5175\u4e34\u5317\u4eac\u57ce\u4e0b\uff0c\u201c\u4ee5\u5de8\u6728\u4e3a\u67b6\uff0c\u5347\u5927\u70ae\u4e8e\u5176\u4e0a\u2026\u2026\u4ec5\u5f0013\u70ae\u540e\uff0c\u67d0\u56fd\u63d0\u7763\u6050\u591a\u4f24\u6c11\u547d\uff0c\u6b8a\u5782\u4e0a\u5929\u597d\u751f\u4e4b\u5fb7\uff0c\u7aed\u529b\u529d\u963b\uff0c\u59cb\u5df2\u3002\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u300a\u897f\u5de1\u56de\u92ae\u59cb\u672b\u300b\u5377\u4e09\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n
\u653b\u6253\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cd\u5175\u9632\u5b88\u7684\u9996\u90fd\uff0c\u53ea\u5f00\u4e8613\u70ae\u5c31\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u8eab\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u5c06\u519b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u607b\u9690\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u81ea\u5df1\u519b\u961f\u7684\u4f24\u4ea1\uff01<\/span><\/div>\n
\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9c9c\u6709\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u53f2\u5b9e\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u653b\u6253\u5929\u6d25\u5927\u6cbd\u70ae\u53f0\u65f6\uff0c\u7f8e\u519b\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u52a0\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u8230\u201c\u83ab\u8bfa\u5361\u897f\u53f7\u201d\u6536\u5bb9\u4e8637\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5987\u5973\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\uff0c\u4ee5\u8eb2\u907f\u6218\u706b\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u6218\u6597\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5987\u5b7a\u9001\u56de\u5cb8\u4e0a\u65f6\uff0c\u7f8e\u519b\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u5f39\u7247\u51fb\u4e2d\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u80f3\u818a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u767e\u59d3\u3002\u8230\u957f\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u6b64\u4eba\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u8054\u519b\u4f24\u5175\u4e00\u8d77\u62ac\u5230\u519b\u8230\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u624b\u672f\u6cbb\u7597\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u738b\u82b8\u751f\uff0c\u300a\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u5377\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u5217\u961f\u53c2\u89c2\u7d2b\u7981\u57ce\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u662f\u53c2\u89c2\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u626b\u8361\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
16 \u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u5bf9\u7d2b\u7981\u57ce\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u5360\u9886\u5317\u4eac\u540e\uff0c\u4eac\u90fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u7275\u52a8\u4eba\u5fc3\u3002\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u5728\u5934\u7248\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u8054\u519b\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u4eac\u6d25\u5730\u533a\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u62a5\u5bfc\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u4ece\u5e9a\u5b50\u5e748\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\u8054\u519b\u7834\u4eac\uff0c\u5230\u6b21\u5e747\u6708\u8054\u519b\u64a4\u79bb\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u5728\u957f\u8fbe\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u5728\u4fe1\u8a89\u5353\u8457\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u95f4\u62a5\u7eb8\u300a\u7533\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u5343\u767e\u7bc7\u62a5\u5bfc\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u5bf9\u7687\u5bab\u5fa1\u82d1\u6709\u62a2\u52ab\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u201c<\/span><\/div>\n
\u300a\u7533\u62a5\u300b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u62a2\u52ab\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u3001\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u786e\u7684\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u8054\u519b\u65e0\u6270\u7d2b\u7981\u57ce\u53ca\u9890\u548c\u56ed\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1900\u5e749\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u8054\u519b\u8fdb\u4eac\u540e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u300a\u7533\u62a5\u300b\u4ee5\u2018\u4eac\u5e08\u8fd1\u51b5\u2019\u4e3a\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5404\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u5165\u4eac\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u6270\u53ca\u9890\u548c\u56ed\u53ca\u7981\u57ce\u5404\u5904\u201d\u3002\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u5317\u660e\uff0c\u91cd\u5ba1\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u4e2d\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd(22)\u2014\u2014\u9644\u7bc7:\u201c\u8054\u519b\u65e0\u6270\u7d2b\u7981\u57ce\u201d\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u300a\u7533\u62a5\u300b\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u6cbb\u4e0b\u5e73\u548c\u7684\u5317\u4eac<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
17 \u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u5bf9\u767e\u59d3\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u5317\u4eac\u5c45\u6c11\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5f53\u6b64\u65f6\u6574\u4e2a\u4eac\u57ce\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u90fd\u88ab\u5916\u56fd\u5175\u5360\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u4e86\u6cbb\u5b89\u7684\u6c11\u4e8b\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u5730\u9762\u6e10\u5c31\u5e73\u590d\u201d\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u300a\u9f50\u5982\u5c71\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b \u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 \u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d \u8fdb\u4eac\u3001\u6d0b\u5175\u8fdb\u4eac\u3001\u4f5c\u751f\u610f\u65f6\u4ee3\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n
\u201c\u4e94\u57ce\u7ec3\u4e01\uff0c\u73b0\u5df2\u4e00\u5f8b\u8eab\u7a7f\u53f7\u8863\uff0c\u5934\u6234\u52c7\u5e3d\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u754c\u904d\u8857\u5de1\u903b\uff0c\u5e02\u9762\u5b89\u5835\uff08\u5b89\u5835\uff1a\u610f\u4e3a\u5b89\u5b9a\uff09\uff0c\u7686\u7f8e\u5175\u5b98\u68af\u513f\u66fe\u4e00\u4eba\u4e4b\u529b\uff0c\u5c45\u6c11\u65e0\u4e0d\u611f\u60a6\u201d\u3002\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u4f50\u539f\u7b03\u4ecb\u3001\u6ca4\u9690 \u8f91:\u300a\u62f3\u4e71\u7eaa\u95fb\u300b\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u300a\u7533\u62a5\u300b\u62a5\u5bfc\u4eac\u90fd\u7531\u4e71\u5165\u6cbb\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u201c\u5e02\u4e2d\u5df2\u8d38\u6613\u5982\u5e38\u3002\u4e61\u4eba\u6bcf\u6311\u8fd0\u83dc\u852c\u7b49\u7269\u5165\u57ce\uff0c\u4ee5\u535a\u8747\u5934\u4e4b\u5229\u3002\u5b88\u57ce\u5175\u6beb\u4e0d\u963b\u4eba\u51fa\u5165\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u6218\u4e71\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5357\u7cae\u5317\u8fd0\u53d7\u963b\uff0c\u7cae\u98df\u77ed\u7f3a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u6c11\u4f17\u6709\u9971\u996d\u5403\uff0c\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u5c06\u5317\u4eac\u4ed3\u7c73\uff0c\u5ec9\u4ef7\u552e\u7ed9\u5317\u4eac\u767e\u59d3\u201d\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u4f50\u539f\u7b03\u4ecb\u3001\u6ca4\u9690 \u8f91:\u300a\u62f3\u4e71\u7eaa\u95fb\u300b\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n
\u6e05\u53f2\u4e13\u5bb6\u9ad8\u9633\u7684\u540d\u8457\u300a\u6148\u79a7\u5168\u4f20\u300b\u7528\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u767e\u9875\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u5e9a\u5b50\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u5bf9\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\u7684\u7978\u56fd\u6b83\u6c11\u3001\u6e05\u519b\u7684\u80e1\u4f5c\u975e\u4e3a\uff0c\u9ad8\u9633\u4f5c\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u63ed\u9732\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u7684\u519b\u7eaa\u64cd\u5b88\uff0c\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7684\u8d2c\u65a5\u3002\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u8fdb\u4eac\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u58eb\u7ec5\u7ed9\u671d\u5ef7\u4e0a\u4e66\uff0c\u62a5\u544a\u4eac\u90fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5766\u8bda\uff1a\u201c\u867d\u6d0b\u4eba\u5165\u57ce\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u5341\u5206\u6270\u5bb3\u201d\u3002\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u300a\u897f\u5de1\u56de\u92ae\u59cb\u672b\u300b\u5377\u516d\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
18 \u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u5e94\u8be5\u7279\u522b\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u5bf9\u5987\u5973\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u6298\u5c04\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u8054\u519b\u5bf9\u4fd8\u83b7\u7684\u5973\u6027\u62f3\u532a\uff0c\u5904\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5bf9\u7537\u62f3\u532a\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u8054\u519b\u5728\u5929\u6d25\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\uff08\u4fd7\u79f0\u201c\u90fd\u7edf\u8859\u95e8\u201d\uff09\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5ba1\u5224\u540e\uff0c\u516c\u5f00\u5904\u51b3\u8fc7\u6570\u5341\u540d\u62f3\u532a\uff0c\u4f46\u5747\u4e3a\u7537\u6027\u3002\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u66fe\u7ecf\u4fd8\u83b7\u8fc72\u540d\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\u5973\u9996\u9886\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u88ab\u6355\u4e4b\u540e\u88ab\u5173\u62bc\u5728\u90fd\u7edf\u8859\u95e8\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u4e34\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08\u4e34\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6743\u529b\u673a\u6784\uff09\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e13\u95e8\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u5979\u4eec\u9001\u5f80\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u6536\u5bb9\u3001\u770b\u7ba1\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
1901\u5e744\u6708\u6b642\u4eba\u88ab\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e0a\u6d77\u5723\u7ea6\u7ff0\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u5b89\u7f6e\u5728\u5f90\u5bb6\u6c47\u5b64\u513f\u9662\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u4e00\u5e74\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u5929\u6d25\u4e34\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e00\u76f4\u5411\u4e0a\u6d77\u6559\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u5982\u6b64\u6298\u817e\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u5728\u706d\u6d0b\u706d\u6559\u7684\u91cd\u707e\u533a\u5929\u6d25\uff0c\u6709\u8840\u6d77\u6df1\u4ec7\u7684\u6559\u6c11\u5bf9\u62f3\u532a\u9996\u9886\u53ef\u80fd\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u62a5\u590d\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u5728\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u64a4\u8d70\u3001\u653f\u6743\u79fb\u4ea4\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u4e34\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5c06\u5979\u4eec\u4ea4\u8fd8\u7ed9\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u9042\u8bf7\u4e0a\u6d77\u6559\u4f1a\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e24\u540d\u5973\u56e2\u6c11\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e0a\u6d77\u5730\u65b9\u5f53\u5c40\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
19 \u5f53\u65f6\u8001\u767e\u59d3\uff0c\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6001\u5ea6<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u4e86\u89e3\u4ee5\u4e0a\u80cc\u666f\u8d44\u6599\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e0d\u7528\u7b14\u8005\u591a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u8bfb\u8005\u4e5f\u80fd\u731c\u52301900\u5e74\u7684\u8001\u767e\u59d3\uff0c\u5bf9\u90a3\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u7ec4\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u81ea\u613f\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u903c\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u6c11\u67b6\u68af\u5b50\u534f\u52a9\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u653b\u57ce<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
\u6cd5\u519b\u67b6\u68af\u6500\u57ce\u5899\uff1b\u5899\u5934\u3001\u5899\u4e0b\u5747\u6709\u767e<\/span>\u59d3\u5728\u534f\u52a9<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5de5\u7528\u5c0f\u8f66\u4e3a\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u8fd0\u9001\u6b66\u5668\u5f39\u836f<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
\u6c11\u4f17\u5e2e\u52a9\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u88c5\u5378\u91cd\u578b\u6b66\u5668<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
\u767e\u59d3\u5728\u5e2e\u52a9\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u8fc7\u6cb3<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
20 \u5f53\u65f6\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u5bf9\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u7684\u6001\u5ea6<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u636e\u65f6\u4eba\u8bb0\u8ff0\uff1a\u201c\u7f8e\u754c\u7ec5\u6c11\u4ee5\u5f52\u7f8e\u56fd\u6682\u7ba1\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u5b89\u8c27\uff0c\u5201\u6597\u4e0d\u95fb\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5236\u9020\u4e07\u540d\u65d7\u4f1e\u533e\u989d\u7b49\uff0c\u5439\u9523\u6253\u9f13\u9001\u81f3\u7f8e\u63d0\u7763\u66a8\u5175\u5b98\u7b49\u56db\u4efd\uff0c\u4ee5\u5fd7\u611f\u94ed\u3002\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a \u6768\u5178\u8bf0\uff0c\u300a\u5e9a\u5b50\u5927\u4e8b\u8bb0\u300b\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u9001\u201c\u4e07\u6c11\u4f1e\u201d\u3001\u201c\u533e\u989d\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u665a\u6e05\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u6cbb\u7406\u4e1a\u7ee9\u548c\u4e3a\u5b98\u64cd\u5b88\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
1901\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7f8e\u519b\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u64a4\u79bb\uff0c\u5317\u4eac13000\u5e02\u6c11\u8054\u7f72\u8bf7\u613f\u4e66\uff0c\u5448\u4ea4\u7ed9\u7f8e\u519b\u603b\u6307\u6325\u67e5\u83f2\u5c06\u519b\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u7f8e\u519b\u7559\u5b88\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a Franz-Stefan Gady:\u201cWhen Americans Ruled Beijing\u201d\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u5317\u4eac\uff09\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
\u6c11\u4f17\u624b\u6267\u5175\u5668\u4e0e\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u5b98\u5175\u5408\u5f71<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0e\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u5408\u5f71<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u548c\u8054\u519b\u519b\u4eba\u5408\u5f71<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
21 \u672a\u6309\u6218\u8d25\u56fd\u5bf9\u5f85\u6e05\u5ef7<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u5e9a\u5b50\u6218\u4e89\u6e05\u5ef7\u60e8\u8d25\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u5217\u5f3a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5151\u73b0\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6e05\u671d\u9886\u571f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c<\/span>\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u6218\u540e\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u300a\u8f9b\u4e11\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u5e76\u975e\u6309\u56fd\u9645\u60ef\u4f8b\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u4ea4\u6218\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u201c\u548c\u7ea6\u201d\uff08peace treaty\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
\u8be5\u6761\u7ea6\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u540d\u79f0\u662f\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e5d\u3007\u3007\u5e74\u7684<\/span>\u9a9a\u4e71\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/span>\u4e0e\u5341\u4e00\u56fd\u6700\u540e\u7684\u8bae\u5b9a\u4e66\u201d\uff08Austria-Hungary, Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy,Japan, Netherland, Russia, Spain, United States and China \u2013 Final Protocol for the Settlement of the\u00a0<\/span>Disturbances<\/span>\u00a0of 1900\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u4ec5\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u573a\u9a9a\u4e71\uff08Disturbance\uff09\uff1b\u9a9a\u4e71\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d23\u4efb\u8005\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d \u3002\u897f\u65b9\u5404\u56fd\u672a\u8ba9\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u627f\u62c5\u53d1\u52a8\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7f6a\u8d23\uff0c\u4e5f\u672a\u6309\u6218\u8d25\u56fd\u5bf9\u5f85\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u6e05\u5ef7\u88ab\u5217\u5f3a\u5982\u6b64\u8f7b\u8f7b\u653e\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u300a\u8f9b\u4e11\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u201c\u7535\u594f\u897f\u5b89\u65f6\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u5f97\u5230\u7535\u62a5\u51e4\u989c\u5927\u60a6\u201d\u3002\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u5510\u5fb7\u521a\uff0c\u300a\u665a\u6e05\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\uff1a\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\u4e0e\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u300b\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
22 \u8c08\u5224\u7684\u7126\u70b9\uff0c\u5c45\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u8d54\u6b3e\u91d1\u989d<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u4ee4\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u7b49\u4e2d\u65b9\u4ee3\u8868\u611f\u5230\u5341\u5206\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u300a\u8f9b\u4e11\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span>\u8d39\u65f6\u6700\u4e45\u3001\u4e89\u8bba\u6700\u70c8\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u8d54\u6b3e\u91d1\u989d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6761\u7ea6\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b3e — \u60e9\u529e\u7978\u9996\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u201c\u5404\u56fd\u5728\u5584\u540e\u8c08\u5224\u4e2d\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5473\u8981\u6c42\u8d54\u507f\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u5272\u5730\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u8ffd\u7a76\u717d\u52a8\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\u6392\u5916\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u8ffd\u7a76\u5fb7\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u4f7f\u9986\u4e66\u8bb0\u5b98\u3001\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u3001\u6559\u6c11\u7b49\u6b7b\u4ea1\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/span>\u8fd9\u5927\u5927\u51fa\u4e4e\u4e2d\u65b9\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u9884\u6599\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u9a6c\u52c7\uff0c\u300a\u7531\u5185\u653f\u800c\u5916\u4ea4:\u91cd\u8bc4\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\u300b\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
\u300a\u8f9b\u4e11\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u7b7e\u5b57\u4eea\u5f0f<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u8377\u5170\u516c\u4f7f\u66fe\u5411\u4e2d\u65b9\u5168\u6743\u4ee3\u8868\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u900f\u9732\uff0c\uff08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8c08\u5224\u6761\u4ef6\uff09\u5404\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u62df\u8ba9\u897f\u592a\u540e\u5f52\u653f\u5149\u7eea\uff0c\u4f46\u906d\u5230\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u7684\u65ad\u7136\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u82d1\u4e66\u4e49:\u300a\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u4f20\u300b\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u59a8\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u897f\u65b9\u5404\u56fd\u575a\u6301\u8981\u6c42\u897f\u592a\u540e\u627f\u62c5\u7f6a\u8d23\uff0c\u4ea4\u51fa\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u5f52\u653f\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u3002<\/span>\u8fd9\u70b9\u5e76\u4e0d\u96be\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f53\u65f6\u5bf9\u6e05\u5ef7\u7684\u538b\u529b\u8db3\u591f\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u9000\u800c\u6c42\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u8981\u6c42\u5224\u4ed6\u201c\u65a9\u76d1\u5019\u201d\uff08\u5373\u201c\u6b7b\u7f13\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u6e05\u5ef7\u8fde\u6b7b\u7f13\u90fd\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8f7d\u6f2a\u4ec5\u88ab\u6d41\u653e\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4ed6\u9690\u5c45\u5728\u897f\u5b89\uff0c\u5341\u51e0\u5e74\u540e\u5373\u83b7\u81ea\u7531\u3002\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a \u300a\u8f9b\u4e11\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b3e\uff0c\u8f7d\u6f2a\u5e94\u201c\u53d1\u5f80\u65b0\u7586\u6c38\u8fdc\u76d1\u7981\uff0c\u6c38\u4e0d\u51cf\u514d\u201d\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
\u8f9b\u4e11\u6761\u7ea6\u5404\u65b9\u4ee3\u8868\u7b7e\u5b57<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
23 \u5e9a\u5b50\u8d54\u6b3e\uff0c\u662f\u591a\u8fd8\u662f\u5c11<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
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4.5\u4ebf\u4e24\u767d\u94f6\u7684\u8d54\u6b3e\uff0c\u662f\u91cd\u8fd8\u662f\u8f7b\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u6027\u7684\u505a\u4e2a\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u4fdd\u52a0\u5229\u4e9a\u4e43\u4e1c\u6b27\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u8d54\u6b3e\u989d\u5374\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5e9a\u5b50\u8d54\u6b3e\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\uff08\u300a\u8f9b\u4e11\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u7b2c\u516d\u6b3e\u5217\u660e\uff1a\u6d77\u5173\u94f61\u4e24\uff0c\u5373\u5fb7\u56fd3.55\u9a6c\u514b\u2026\u2026\u5373\u7f8e\u56fd0.742\u7f8e\u5143\u2026\u2026\u5373\u82f1\u56fd3\u5148\u4ee4\u201d\uff1b<\/span>\u5e9a\u5b50\u8d54\u6b3e\u6298\u5408\u7f8e\u5143\u4e3a3.3\u4ebf\uff0c\u6298\u5408\u82f1\u95516750\u4e07<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u6839\u636e1919\u5e74\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u300a\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c<\/span>\u6218\u8d25\u56fd\u5fb7\u56fd<\/span>\u9664\u4e27\u5931\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001\u77ff\u4ea7\u8d44\u6e90\u5916\uff0c<\/span>\u987b\u8d54\u6b3e113\u4ebf\u82f1\u9551<\/span>\uff0c\u4e14\u8981\u4ee5\u9ec4\u91d1\u652f\u4ed8\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u300a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u300b\u201c\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u6761\u7ea6\u201d\u6761\u76ee\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
24 \u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u8d54\u507f<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u5e9a\u5b50\u4e4b\u4e71\u662f\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u4e0a\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u6d69\u52ab\uff0c<\/span>\u4ec5\u76f4\u96b6\uff08\u6cb3\u5317\uff09\u4e00\u7701<\/span>\uff0c\u636e\u603b\u7763\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u594f\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u5408\u8ba1\u901a\u7701\u6740\u5bb3\u6559\u6c11\u591a\u81f3\u6570\u4e07\uff0c\u6240\u6bc1\u623f\u5c4b\u591a\u81f3\u6570\u5341\u4e07\u95f4\u201d\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a \u4faf\u5b9c\u6770:\u300a\u795e\u62f3\u300c\u4e49\u548cX\u300d\u7684\u771f\u9762\u76ee\u300b\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n
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<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
25 \u4e0d\u88ab\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u9000\u8fd8\u8d54\u6b3e<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8c08\u5e9a\u5b50\u8d54\u6b3e\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u63d0\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ee5\u540e\u7eb7\u7eb7\u9000\u8fd8\u8d54\u6b3e\u7684\u53f2\u5b9e\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u9996\u5148\u9000\u8fd8\u8d54\u6b3e\u7684\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u3001\u6cd5\u3001\u610f\u3001\u6bd4\u3001\u8377\u5404\u56fd\u4e5f\u7ade\u76f8\u6548\u4eff\uff0c\u5c06\u9000\u6b3e\u7528\u6765\u8d44\u52a9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u6587\u5316\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u533b\u7597\u536b\u751f\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1aPeter Fleming:\u300aThe Siege at Peking\u300b\uff08\u56f4\u57ce\u5317\u4eac\uff09\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u4e0a<\/span>\u9762\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u5404\u56fd\u9000\u56de\u8d54\u6b3e\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u9000\u56de\u4e86\u5e9a\u5b50\u8d54\u6b3e\uff01<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
26 \u6e05\u5ef7\u4e27\u5931\u4e3b\u6743\u4e86\u5417<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
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<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
27 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u679c<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
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<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
28 \u5c3e\u58f0\uff1a\u9762\u5bf9\u771f\u76f8\u9700\u8981\u52c7\u6c14<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
1900\u5e74\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u4eec\uff0c\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u7231\u548c\u9976\u6055\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u53cd\u89c2\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c<\/span>100\u591a\u5e74<\/span>\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e86<\/span>\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u6ca1\u6709\u52c7\u6c14\u9762\u5bf9\u771f\u76f8<\/span>\uff0c\u628a\u5e9a\u5b50\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6b6a\u66f2\u3001\u62b9\u9ed1\u7684\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u79bb\u8c31\u3002\u8ba9\u6c11\u4f17\u6d3b\u5728\u6b3a\u9a97\u548c\u8499\u853d\uff0c\u4e0d<\/span>\u77e5\u9053\u771f\u76f8\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
\u96be\u602a\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u8bf4\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
29 \u9644\u5f55\uff1a\u300a\u5404\u56fd\u7d22\u8d54\u7ae0\u7a0b\u300b<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\u82f1\u3001\u5fb7\u3001\u6bd4\u3001\u8377\u9a7b\u534e\u516c\u4f7f\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u8d54\u6b3e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u62df\u8ba2\u7684\u300a\u5404\u56fd\u7d22\u8d54\u7ae0\u7a0b\u300b\u5168\u6587\u5982\u4e0b\u3002\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u5931\u6bc1\u7269\u4ea7\uff0c\u679c\u7cfb\u56e0\u53bb\u590f\u62f3\u532a\u6240\u81f4\u8005\uff0c\u59cb\u53ef\u7d22\u8d54\u3002\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u7d22\u8d54\u4e4b\u6b3e\uff0c\u8ba1\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\uff1a\u4e00\u4e3a\u5404\u56fd\u8d54\u6b3e\uff1b\u4e8c\u4e3a\u5404\u884c\u53ca\u5404\u897f\u4eba\u8d54\u6b3e\uff1b\u4e09\u4e3a\u534e\u4eba\u66fe\u7ecf\u897f\u4eba\u96c7\u7528\u8005\u4e4b\u8d54\u6b3e\u3002\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u6240\u6709\u5931\u6bc1\u7269\u4ea7\uff0c\u5e94\u5f00\u5217\u8be6\u7ec6\u7ae0\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7d22\u8d54\u3002\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u56db\u3001\u7d22\u8d54\u6e05\u5355\uff0c\u987b\u4ea4\u5448\u5176\u672c\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\uff0c\u5982\u4e8b\u5173\u5404\u56fd\u8005\uff0c\u5219\u4ea4\u5448\u8d44\u683c\u6700\u6df1\u4e4b\u516c\u4f7f\u3002\u5404\u516c\u4f7f\u65e2\u5c06\u4ea4\u5448\u7d22\u8d54\u6e05\u5355\u9a8c\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u4e00\u5207\u6089\u6309\u6b64\u6b21\u5b9a\u7ae0\u5f00\u5217\uff0c\u5373\u9001\u4ea4\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7d22\u8d54\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u53e6\u5217\u7ec6\u5355\u3002\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5404\u7269\u7406\u5408\u7d22\u8d54\u8005\uff0c\u5747\u987b\u7167\u5b9e\u4ef7\u5f00\u5217\u3002\u5e94\u8d54\u4e4b\u6b3e\uff0c\u4ea6\u8bb8\u7ed9\u606f\u3002\u5e73\u6c11\u4ee5\u4e94\u5398\uff0c\u5546\u5bb6\u5219\u4ee5\u4e03\u5398\u884c\u606f\u3002\u606f\u94b1\u672a\u4ed8\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4ee5\u606f\u751f\u606f\u3002\u81f3\u88ab\u6bc1\u4e4b\u7269\uff0c\u80fd\u4e0e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6240\u5217\u7b2c\u4e03\u6b3e\u7ae0\u7a0b\u76f8\u540c\u8005\uff0c\u59cb\u53ef\u7ed9\u606f\u3002\u606f\u5373\u81ea\u88ab\u6bc1\u4e4b\u65e5\u8d77\u7b97\u3002\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u516d\u3001\u5982\u5404\u884c\u5404\u897f\u4eba\u7ecf\u5e26\u5175\u5b98\u996c\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u6240\u5c5e\u4e4b\u8d27\u7269\u4f9b\u7ed9\u519b\u8425\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e4b\u9700\u8005\uff0c\u5219\u5176\u6240\u5c5e\u4e4b\u56fd\u6216\u5175\u5b98\u5fc5\u6709\u5b57\u636e\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u4e0d\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u7d22\u8d54\u3002\u88ab\u6bc1\u7269\u4ea7\uff0c\u987b\u6709\u5b9e\u8bc1\uff1a\u5373\u6309\u7167\u5176\u672c\u56fd\u56fd\u5f8b\u5f00\u5355\uff0c\u4ea4\u5448\u5176\u6240\u5c5e\u4e4b\u516c\u4f7f\u9a8c\u660e\uff0c\u5e76\u65e0\u53ef\u7591\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u59cb\u4ee3\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7d22\u8d54\u3002\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u88ab\u6bc1\u4e4b\u7269\uff0c\u987b\u5c06\u672a\u4e71\u524d\u672c\u6709\u6b64\u7269\u4e4b\u5b9e\u636e\uff0c\u4ea4\u5448\u5176\u6240\u5c5e\u4e4b\u516c\u4f7f\u7167\u9a8c\u3002\u5982\u8be5\u516c\u4f7f\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u7aa6\uff0c\u5373\u80fd\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7d22\u8d54\u3002\u5931\u4e3b\u6240\u4e1a\u4f55\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5e73\u65f6\u8fdb\u6b3e\u82e5\u5e72\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u5931\u4e4b\u7269\u4ea6\u53ef\u6309\u4e4b\u4f30\u4ef7\u3002\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u516b\u3001\u5e94\u8d54\u4e4b\u6b3e\uff0c\u4ff1\u7167\u5173\u5e73\u4f30\u51fa\u3002\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u4e5d\u3001\u65e0\u8bba\u4f55\u56fd\u4f55\u4eba\uff0c\u4ff1\u5f53\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u5217\u5404\u7ae0\u5f00\u5355\uff0c\u65b9\u80fd\u7d22\u8d54\u3002\uff08\u4f5a\u540d:\u300a\u897f\u5de1\u56de\u92ae\u59cb\u672b\u300b\u5377\u56db\uff09\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u8be5\u7ae0\u7a0b\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u7d22\u8d54\u539f\u5219\u548c\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u7d22\u8d54\u624b\u7eed\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\uff08END\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
01\uff0c\u5218\u6dc7\u6606\uff0c\u300a\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u4e43\u6b63\u4e49\u4e4b\u5e08\u300b<\/span><\/div>\n
02\uff0c\u5218\u5b5f\u626c\uff0c\u300a\u5929\u6d25\u62f3\u532a\u53d8\u4e71\u7eaa\u4e8b\u300b<\/span><\/div>\n
03\uff0c\u4e94\u6708\u4e03\u65e5\u6e05\u5ef7\u4e0a\u8c15\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u4e1b\u520a\u201c\u4e49\u548cX\u201d\u300b<\/span><\/div>\n
04\uff0c\u5de6\u539f\u7b03\u4ecb\u3001\u6ca4\u9690 \u8f91:\u300a\u62f3\u4e8b\u6742\u8bb0\u300b<\/span><\/div>\n
05\uff0c\u67f4\u843c\uff0c\u300a\u5e9a\u8f9b\u7eaa\u4e8b\u300b<\/span><\/div>\n
06\uff0c\u4faf\u5b9c\u6770\uff0c\u300a\u4e49\u548cX \u2014\u2014\u5728\u201c\u706d\u6d0b\u201d\u7684\u65d7\u5e1c\u4e0b\u300b<\/span><\/div>\n
07\uff0c\u300a\u897f\u5de1\u56de\u92ae\u59cb\u672b\u300b<\/span><\/div>\n
08\uff0c\u7f57\u60c7\u66e7\uff0c\u300a\u62f3\u53d8\u4f59\u95fb\u300b<\/span><\/div>\n
09\uff0c\u738b\u6811\u589e:\u300a1901\u300b<\/span><\/div>\n
10\uff0c\u4fa8\u6790\u751f\uff0c\u300a\u62f3\u532a\u7eaa\u7565\u300b\u53775\u3001\u53771<\/span><\/div>\n
11\uff0c\u6c88\u7956\u5baa\uff0c\u300a\u517b\u5bff\u56ed\u594f\u8bae\u8f91\u8981\u300b\u53772<\/span><\/div>\n
12\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u520a\u5370\u7684\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><\/div>\n
13\uff0c\u5317\u660e\uff0c\u300a\u51fa\u5175\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u88ab\u8feb\u81ea\u536b\u300b<\/span><\/div>\n
14\uff0c\u300a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u300b\u201c\u4e49\u548cX\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\u6761\u76ee<\/span><\/div>\n
15\uff0cPeter Fleming:\u300aThe Siege at Peking\u300b\uff08\u56f4\u57ce\u5317\u4eac\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n
16\uff0c\u666e\u7279\u5357\u00b7\u5a01\u5c14\uff0c\u300a\u5e9a\u5b50\u4f7f\u9986\u88ab\u56f4\u8bb0\u300b<\/span><\/div>\n
17\uff0c\u897f\u91cc\u5c14\u00b7\u73c0\u5c14\uff0c\u300a\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u83ab\u7406\u5faa\u300b<\/span><\/div>\n
18\uff0c\u300a\u5b66\u70b9\u6e05\u53f2\u00a0 \u516b\u5341\u4e03\u3001\u4e1c\u5357\u4e92\u4fdd\u300b,<\/span><\/div>\n
19\uff0c\u96f7\u9890:\u300a\u4e1c\u5357\u4e92\u4fdd\u4e4b\u602a\u8c61\u300b<\/span><\/div>\n
20\uff0c\u5218\u51e4\u7ff0:\u300a\u6b66\u536b\u519b\u300b,<\/span><\/div>\n
21\uff0c\u300a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u300b\u201c\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u201d\u6761\u76ee<\/span><\/div>\n
22\uff0c\u300a\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1\u300b\u201c\u6b66\u536b\u519b\u201d\u6761\u76ee<\/span><\/div>\n
23\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u7aa6\u7eb3\u4e50\uff08Macdonald\uff09\u7ed9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u62a5\u544a<\/span><\/div>\n
24\uff0c\u4f5b\u752b\u7231\u52a0\u6765\u3001\u65bd\u7c73\u4fac:\u300a\u5e9a\u5b50\u4e2d\u5916\u6218\u8bb0\u300b<\/span><\/div>\n
25\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d:\u300a\u7f6a\u5df1\u8bcf\u300b1901\u5e742\u670814\u65e5<\/span><\/div>\n
26\uff0c\u5218\u4ee5\u6850:\u300a\u6c11\u6559\u76f8\u4ec7\u90fd\u95e8\u95fb\u89c1\u5f55\u300b<\/span><\/div>\n
27\uff0c\u738b\u82b8\u751f\uff0c\u300a\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u5377<\/span><\/div>\n
28\uff0c\u5317\u660e\uff0c\u91cd\u5ba1\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u4e2d\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd(22)\u2014\u2014\u9644\u7bc7:\u201c\u8054\u519b\u65e0\u6270\u7d2b\u7981\u57ce\u201d<\/span><\/div>\n
29\uff0c\u300a\u9f50\u5982\u5c71\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b \u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 \u4e49\u548cX\u8fdb\u4eac\u3001\u6d0b\u5175\u8fdb\u4eac\u3001\u4f5c\u751f\u610f\u65f6\u4ee3<\/span><\/div>\n
30\uff0c\u6768\u5178\u8bf0\uff0c\u300a\u5e9a\u5b50\u5927\u4e8b\u8bb0\u300b<\/span><\/div>\n
31\uff0cFranz-Stefan Gady:\u201cWhen Americans Ruled Beijing\u201d\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u5317\u4eac\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n
32\uff0c\u5510\u5fb7\u521a\uff0c\u300a\u665a\u6e05\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\uff1a\u4e49\u548cX\u4e0e\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u300b<\/span><\/div>\n
33\uff0c\u9a6c\u52c7\uff0c\u300a\u7531\u5185\u653f\u800c\u5916\u4ea4:\u91cd\u8bc4\u4e49\u548cX\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\u300b<\/span><\/div>\n
34\uff0c\u82d1\u4e66\u4e49:\u300a\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u4f20\u300b<\/span><\/div>\n
35\uff0c\u300a\u8f9b\u4e11\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b3e\uff0c\u8f7d\u6f2a\u5e94\u201c\u53d1\u5f80\u65b0\u7586\u6c38\u8fdc\u76d1\u7981\uff0c\u6c38\u4e0d\u51cf\u514d\u201d<\/span><\/div>\n
36\uff0c\u74e6\u5fb7\u897f1901\u5e741\u67083\u65e5\u7ed9\u5fb7\u56fd\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u62a5\u544a<\/span><\/div>\n
37\uff0c\u300a\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1\u300b\u201c\u7eb3\u4f9d\u6761\u7ea6\u201d\u6761\u76ee<\/span><\/div>\n
38\uff0c\u300a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u300b\u201c\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u6761\u7ea6\u201d\u6761\u76ee<\/span><\/div>\n
39\uff0c\u300a\u5e9a\u5b50\u89c1\u95fb\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u300b<\/span><\/div>\n
40\uff0c\u4faf\u5b9c\u6770:\u300a\u795e\u62f3\u4e49\u548cX \u7684\u771f\u9762\u76ee\u300b<\/span><\/div>\n
41\uff0c\u300a\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1\u300b\u201c\u5e9a\u5b50\u8d54\u6b3e\u201d\u6761\u76ee<\/span><\/div>\n
42\uff0c\u5f20\u9e23\uff0c\u300a\u4e49\u548cX\u8fd0\u52a8(\u7eed)\u300b<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n
\uff08\u514d\u8d23\u58f0\u660e\uff1a\u672c\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7531\u4f5c\u8005\u7aed\u529b\u672c\u7740\u8ba4\u771f\u8d1f\u8d23\u3001\u4e25\u8c28\u6c42\u5b9e\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u4e1a\u4f59\u65f6\u95f4\u5927\u91cf\u91c7\u96c6\u5404\u7c7b\u4fe1\u606f\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u5e76\u514d\u8d39\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bfb\u8005\u6b23\u8d4f\u3002\u672c\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u58f0\u660e\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bf9\u6240\u53c2\u8003\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u3001\u8f6c\u8f7d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\u627f\u62c5\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5982\u8bfb\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u7591\u610f\u8bf7\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u53f0\u7559\u8a00\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u4f5c\u51fa\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u6f5c\u5728\u5982\u6709\u7684\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u656c\u8bf7\u8c05\u89e3\uff01\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u8d44\u6599\u641c\u96c6\uff1a\u6069\u5149\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u7b56\u5212\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u6eaa\u6c34\u65c1\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u56fe\u7247\u4f18\u5316\uff1a\u8f9b\u9896<\/span><\/div>\n
\u5ba1\u7a3f\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u674e\u674e<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u5f80\u671f\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
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